TERT and hepatocellular carcinoma: Further, somatic gene mutations in the coding region in HCC [101,102,103,104,105,106], reactivation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which is important for telomerase maintenance, and promoter mutations caused by HBV insertion and/or HBx protein [101,102,103,106] are frequently observed in HCC, indicating that various mutations contribute to induction and acceleration of HBV-mediated tumorigenesis.