SUMOylation of ERα mediated by SUMO1/sentrin/suppressor of Mif2-specific peptidase 2 (SENP2) promotes the recruitment of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), which leads to the repression of estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent proliferation of breast cancer cells [67,68]. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is breast carcinoma.