MMP3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The protective effects of lycopene against obesity are mediated via a downregulation of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 and -6, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and -9, and NF-κB), upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-1 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)), redox homeostasis, browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), enhanced lipolysis and lipogenesis, and decreased insulin resistance [8].