Inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by hyperglycemia does not occur when mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide is prevented by either uncoupling protein 1 or the mitochondrial tetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) [82], indicating the key role of mitochondrial superoxide. The gene discussed is GAPDH; the disease is Hyperglycemia.