PTPN1 and cancer: TXNRD1 is physiologically involved in diverse cell processes, such as transmitting electrons to TXN1, repairing oxidized thiol of PTP1B, opposing apoptotic by inhibiting ASK-1, and supporting DNA synthase via reducing RNR [43,44,45,46], and these cellular functions of TXNRD1 all point to cancer cells growth and proliferation.