ATF2 and neoplasm: Moreover, a significant activation of the pJNK/p38 pathway and decreased phosphorylation of Activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2), a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins, implicated as a tumour suppressor, was observed in NRF2 knockdown cells, suggesting that NRF2 markedly modulates cisplatin resistance, regulating the AKR family members via the activation of the pJNK/p38 pathway [79].