TNF and breast angiosarcoma: Over the past decades, an increasing number of studies have attempted to link the systemic and local levels of various cytokines including pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), immunomodulatory cytokines consisting of Th-1 cytokines (IL-2, interferon (IFN)-γ) and Th-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-12p40), chemokine (IL-8), and macrophage cytokines [IL-18, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β] to BA severity [9–13].