VDR and osteoporosis: Among these loci, VDR FokI (rs2228570, OR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.22–1.70), TGF β1 T869C (rs1800470, OR = 1.35, 95% CI =1.10–1.65), IGF1 (rs2288377, OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.28–1.62), and IGF1 (rs35767, OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.06–1.36) were identified as risk factors for osteoporosis, whereas ESR2 RsaI (rs1256049, OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.59–0.81) was identified as a protective factor for osteoporosis.