Although our study identified PIAS3, an E3 ligase that was reported to interact with MITF and repress its transcriptional activity,32, 57, 58 which could also be regulated by AR, SENP1 was the most notable one after knocking down or overexpressing AR in Xp11.2 tRCC cell lines. The gene discussed is SENP1; the disease is renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions.