MYCNOS and neuroblastoma: MYCN is frequently amplified in several cancer types, most notably in neuroblastoma (Kohl et al. 1983), where it is well known to enhance cell proliferation and survival (Huang and Weiss 2013); NCYM is co-amplified with it as a result of the genomic architecture of the two genes (Kang et al. 2006), and it too is regarded as contributing to oncogenesis.