In contrast to the five ECM-related genes assessed (CTHRC1, MMP11, COL10A1, SULF1, and COL5A3), BLCA samples/cells had greater levels of FSTL1 mRNA and protein than normal bladder samples/cells (Figure 7, Supplementary Figure 1). Here, FSTL1 is linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.