TGFB1 and cancer: Nonetheless, PSC marker profiling revealed significantly higher expression of cancer-related genes (ACTN1, p < 0.001; FAP, p < 0.001; TGFβ1, p < 0.01; PDGFRA, p < 0.01; POSTN, p < 0.001; LGALS, p < 0.01; CXCL12, p < 0.05), which is in line with previous reports (Fig. 5c, right)19.