CD274 and neoplasm: Immunotherapy approaches that have revolutionized conventional malignancy treatment include: 1) adoptive T cell therapies (ACT), such as T cell receptor (TCR)- and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, also bulk tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy (6–8) and 2) immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (9–11) including anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies that boost CD8+ T cell effector functions.