Third, consistent with the observation that ASD patients have a high occurrence of epilepsy (Besag, 2018; Pacheva et al., 2019), we observed that the mutant mice had more severe epileptic behaviors and spike-wave electrical discharges in cortices in response to a sub-convulsant dose of PTZ (Figure 4), suggesting that loss of Ash1l in the brain reduces the threshold for seizures triggered by sub-convulsant electrical signals in cortices, which may be caused by reduced inhibitory signals and loss of excitation-inhibition balance in neural circuits. Here, ASH1L is linked to epilepsy.