AKT1 and colorectal cancer: According to related studies on solid tumor CSCs, ECs not only regulate the CSC phenotype of colorectal cancer cells by secreting Jagged-1 to promote Notch signaling, but also regulate the CSC phenotype and chemotherapy resistance of colorectal cancer through AKT-mediated NANOGP8 induction, suggesting that ECs often regulate the stemness of CSCs in a paracrine manner [78, 79].