The CNV segments of the exocrine PDPCOs showed high concordance with the TCGA pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) dataset23, including the amplification of regions near KRAS, MYC and AKT2 and loss of regions near CDKN2A, TP53 and SMAD4 (Supplementary Fig. 2a). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD4 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.