INS and neonatal diabetes mellitus: KATP channels have been widely studied on pancreatic beta cells because mutations in the genes that encode the Kir6.2 (encoded by KCNJ11) and SUR1 (encoded by ABCC8) subunits that form the KATP channels produce an insulin secretion impairment, leading to the onset of diseases, such as congenital hyperinsulinism [20,21] and neonatal diabetes mellitus [22,23].