AR and Familial prostate cancer: Indeed, a dynamic range of AR signaling is observed in prostate cancer cells, independent of AR expression (Lee et al., 2019), with oncogenic cofactors such as ERG reprogramming the AR cistrome and promoting disease progression by redistributing AR binding from higher affinity ARE repeats to lower affinity half sites or degenerate sequences (Chen et al., 2013; Jin et al., 2014; Mao et al., 2019; Norris et al., 2009).