Thus, in the absence of tumour VDR signalling, many of the reported immunosuppressive effects of vitamin D3, reported in a non‐tumour context, may be relevant to tumour immunity as they would apparently oppose immune suppressive effects on the tumour in the elimination phase, tip the balance in the equilibrium phase towards tumour expansion by downregulating anti‐tumour immunity and potentially amplify immunosuppression in the escape phase, having overlapping immunosuppressive activities with some of those of the escape phase. This evidence concerns the gene VDR and neoplasm.