In conclusion, we examined 50 differentially expressed tRFs and 361 differentially expressed mRNAs in orbital adipose tissue between TAO patients and healthy individuals, and bioinformatic analysis suggested that differentially expressed tRFs have a regulatory effect on mTOR/VEGF signaling, and based on qRT-PCR verification, we speculate that tRF5-GluCTC may play a potential role in regulating OFs in the adipogenic response and fibrotic hyperplasia of TAO patients by targeting ATF3, HSD17B2 and PMAIP1. The gene discussed is HSD17B2; the disease is thromboangiitis obliterans.