CD4 and coinfection: Most prior studies indicated that the potential baseline predictors of poor immune reconstitution contained several clinical features (such as age, co-infection, CD4+ T cell count, CD8 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and viral load), immune activation (CD38+HLA-DR+), genetic factors (CCR5 polymorphisms, IL7RA polymorphisms and mitochondrial haplogroups), and thymic function (44–52).