Figure 4A shows that SP-A, IL-4, and IL-4+SP-A (no additive effect) significantly increased phosphorylation of GSK3α and β subunits (in the residues Ser 21 and 9, respectively), which is consistent with the role of IL-4 and IL-4+SP-A in increasing macrophage proliferation. Inhibition of Akt suppressed GSK3 phosphorylation (data not shown). Regarding FoxO3a, a gene transcriptional activator also known as a tumor suppressor, we found that FoxO3a phosphorylation was not affected by IL-4 and/or SP-A stimulation of alveolar macrophages (Supplementary Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene GSK3A and neoplasm.