PCSK9 and atherosclerosis: The latest 2017 update of ESC/EAS Task Force on practical clinical guidance for PCSK9 inhibitors (Landmesser et al., 2018) suggested that in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients with substantially elevated LDL-C levels, a PCSK9 inhibitor should be considered despite maximally tolerated statin with or without ezetimibe therapy or inability to tolerate appropriate doses of at least three statins, especially if there are additional indications of increased cardiovascular risk.