A previous study focused on non-small-cell lung cancer also similarly found that CXCR5+ Tfc-like cells rapidly gained a polyfunctional effector phenotype by producing the cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 after hours of PMA/ionomycin stimulation [40]. Here, CXCR5 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.