A study co-cultured primary AML cells with different cytokines and found that cytokines such as IL-1α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-3, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) significantly promoted the growth of AML cells, and the role of IL-1β is the most obvious. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.