Furthermore, GSEA also confirmed the enriched pathways in AAA, such as the chemokine signalling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, leukocyte transendothelial migration, the NF‐kappa B signalling pathway, the TNF signalling pathway, the cGMP‐PKG signalling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction (Figure 2G, H). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and triple-A syndrome.