CHEK2 and renal cell carcinoma: Burden test analysis showed an excess of CHEK2 variants, that passed our stringent filtering as detailed in Supplementary Methods, in European RCC participants compared with the healthy European controls that reached statistical significance [Fisher’s false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P = 0.0019] (Supplementary Material, Table S5), confirming an association of CHEK2 with the RCC phenotype.