The upregulated SLC2A1 (GLUT1) (T/TA = 9.49), HK2 (T/TA = 36.69), PFKP (T/TA = 15.97), PKM (T/TA = 4.08), and LDHA (T/TA = 8.58) suggested the increased of glucose utilization for lactate fermentation in ccRCC tumor vs. adjacent tissues (Fig. 4d, Supplementary Fig. 4e). Here, HK2 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.