Sulfur and taurine metabolism genes, asrA, asrB, dsrC, and sqr, had distributions that were statistically significantly different (at least a p-value < 0.05) among the three health states with all being more likely to be found in carcinoma (Fig. 4B, Table S6, Figs. S3 and S4). This evidence concerns the gene PIGP and carcinoma.