There was strong evidence for an effect of total testosterone (OR per increase in inverse-normal transformed (INT) nmol/L total testosterone: 1.64, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.88, P = 1.71 × 10−12), bioavailable testosterone (OR per increase in natural log transformed nmol/L bioavailable testosterone 1.46, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.65, P = 3.48 × 10−9), fasting insulin (OR per increase in natural log transformed pmol/L fasting insulin 3.93, 95% CI 2.29 to 6.74, P = 7.18 × 10−7) and SHBG (OR per increase in INT nmol/L SHBG 0.71, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.85, P = 2.07 × 10−4) on endometrial cancer risk (Fig. 5; Table 3). The gene discussed is SHBG; the disease is endometrial cancer.