GDF9 and breast carcinoma: In the present study, based on our in vitro experiments and the fact that the expression of SQSTM1 was upregulate ed in metastatic breast cancer tissues, while the expression of the remaining genes was downregulated, we speculated that 5 genes, LINC01125, GDF9, PTGS2, GVINP1, and TMEM64, contributed to breast cancer metastasis from the perspective of immune cells.