Next, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR demonstrated that M2 markers (CD206, IL-10, CD163, and Arginase-1) showed higher levels in macrophages treated with exosomes than in those treated with PBS, suggesting that ESCC-derived exosomes can induce the M2 phenotype of macrophages (Fig. 2f and g). The gene discussed is ARG1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.