According to Amieva and Peek [4], there are two bacterial factors that make it a risk factor for gastric cancer and peptide ulcer: (1) the oncoprotein CagA that stimulates cell proliferation by mitotic signaling; (2) the cytotoxin VacA that alters membrane permeability and causes mitochondrial injury-induced apoptosis. The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is gastric cancer.