This results in genetic differences that are influential in cell division such as p53 so that susceptibility to genetic mutations is different between individual rats.35A previous study conducted by Prasetyaningtyas et al17and Ayuningtyas et al36showed that cigarette smoke exposure can increase the dysplasia degree and induce the risk of oral cancer development due to increased number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expressions in the tongue epithelium. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and lip and oral cavity carcinoma.