SIRT1 and diabetes mellitus: With this centralized role in regulating the response of metabolic factors to cellular energy availability, it is unsurprising that variation in SIRT1 has been linked to, among other things, the development of diabetes (Zillikens et al. 2009; Botden et al. 2012; Biason-Lauber et al. 2013; Zhao et al. 2017).