REN and hypertensive disorder: This study examined the effects of plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone (PAC) concentrations as well as common polymorphisms in the β1-Adrenoceptor gene (ADRB1) and the G-protein α-Subunit (Gαs) protein gene the G protein α-Subunit 1 gene (GNAS) on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response to bisoprolol in Chinese patients with hypertension.