PIN1 and cancer: Additionally, Pin1 is overexpressed in most human cancers, and elevated Pin1 expression promotes cancer formation and is positively associated with an unfavorable prognosis (Wulf et al., 2001; Wulf et al., 2004; Lu and Hunter, 2014; Luo et al., 2014; Rustighi et al., 2014); by contrast, lack of Pin1 hampers tumor development in mouse models (Wulf et al., 2004; Girardini et al., 2011; D’artista et al., 2016).