Given the expression of C5aR1 in the apical surface of the uroepithelium, and the upregulation of C5aR1 expression in the bladder and elevation of C5a levels in urine following the infection, it is possible that C5a/C5aR1 interactions could occur during UTI and this in turn leads to an upregulation of Man expression. Here, C5AR1 is linked to bacterial urinary tract infection.