Especially, mice deficient in the innate immune receptors TLR2 and NOD2, their adaptor molecules Myd88 and RIPK2, and downstream TNFα demonstrate highly persistent OM after NTHi infection (Hoshino et al., 1999; Leichtle et al., 2009; Leichtle et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene RIPK2 and ocular melanoma.