TGF-β1 is known as a promote-fibrosis cytokine, which has a direct effect on fibroblasts to promote fibroblast division and proliferation and the synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and enhances the expression of relevant receptors of ECM, thereby promoting the development of pulmonary fibrosis (12–14). Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.