Diabetic rats presented significantly increased FBG, serum lipids (TC, TG, and LDL‐C), liver and kidney function (ALT, ALP, AST, BUN, and creatinine), reduced serum FINS, and antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD, and CAT) as well as significant increase in the lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the pancreas of NICO/STZ‐induced DM rats. This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and diabetes mellitus.