NECTIN4 and neoplasm: Moreover, it is critical for drug discovery and translatability that a PDX retains the characteristics of the original tumor (9). In our study, some novel treatment targets (nectin-4, EGFR, HER2, and PD-L1) were used as IHC markers to determine the fidelity in immunohistochemical characteristics of the established models. We established the first autochthonous bladder cancer PDX repository in Iran, which could be used in future research.