A study of an allergic mouse model showed that airway inflammation is more severe in allergic mice with sleep deprivation than in mice with healthy sleep, and inflammation in allergic mice with sleep deprivation is marked by an influx of neutrophils (mainly) and eosinophils and secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 compared to the eosinophilic inflammation and IL-4 production observed in allergic mice with healthy sleep (Nunes et al., 2018). Here, TNF is linked to inflammation.