MYC and neoplasm: Warburg effect is the result of the interplay between (normoxic/hypoxic) HIF-1 upregulation, activation of an oncogene (cMyc, Ras), loss of function of tumor suppressors (mutant-p53, mutant-PTEN, micro RNAs and sirtuins with suppressor functions), activation of (PI3K/Akt/mTOR; Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk/cMyc; Jak/Stat3) or deactivation of (LKb1/AMPk) signalling pathways (Arora et al., 2015; Vaupel and Multhoff, 2021).