Dectin-1 is the most exemplary CLR that interacts with CARD9 to activate the inflammasomes with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, IL-23, CXCL2, IFN-γ, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) upon fungal infection (8, 9). Here, CSF2 is linked to fungal infectious disease.