Thyroid autoantibodies (anti-TPO, anti-tg) at baseline increases the risk of thyroid dysfunction in patients treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab (85–87, 109).Baseline autoantibody signatures, such as those targeting TNF-α signaling pathways may be predictive of irAEs in patients with melanoma treated with anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1 or their combination (110).Skin irAEs may be more frequent in patients with positive RF at baseline in patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab (87). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is melanoma.