CXCL1 and stroke disorder: By binding with IL-17R, which is expressed on glial cells and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and is up-regulated after stroke in experimental models, IL-17a promotes glia and BMECs to secret and activate large amounts of CXCL1; CXCL1 is a neutrophil chemoattractant that could lead neutrophils to infiltrate into the affected cerebral parenchyma (61–65).