A subpopulation of astrocytes expresses complement component 3 (C3) in response to interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and complement component 1, subcomponent q (C1q), and possesses neurotoxic properties and are upregulated in MS lesions (106). The gene discussed is C3; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.