PAK1 and prostate cancer: The expression of PAK1 in DU145 (a kind of human prostate cancer cell) was knocked out by the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) method, the expressions of p-PAK1, mTOR and Beclin1 decreased, and the ratio of LC3B2/LC3B1 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) showed a downward trend, implying autophagy degradation and suggesting that PAK-1 was involved in cell autophagy (Wang et al., 2017a).