These so-called disease-associated microglia (DAM) are typified by a downregulation of genes indicative of microglial homeostasis for example Tmem119, P2ry12, and Cx3cr1, and an upregulation of genes recognized as risk factors in AD like Apoe, Tyrobp, Trem2, Ctsd, and lpl (Keren-Shaul et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene TMEM119 and Alzheimer disease.