APOE and Alzheimer disease: In the context of genes, it is known that the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E4 gene (APOE ε4) increases the risk of developing AD to a greater extent in women than men (Altmann et al., 2014) but ACE (Crawford et al., 2000) and BDNF (Li et al., 2017) have been reported to be female-specific risk genes for AD, while variants in LINC00290, MPO, NGFR, SERPINB1, TFAM, and ZBTB7C also confer increased risk of disease in females (Gamache et al., 2020; Prokopenko et al., 2020).