APP and Alzheimer disease: A marked sex-related difference in microglial morphology was observed both in APP/PS1 mice and in post-mortem samples from AD patients; in both instances, microglia from males were amoeboid, with greater phagocytic capacity, compared with a preponderance of rod-shaped microglia from females where phagocytic capacity was compromised (Guillot-Sestier et al., 2021).